Public Policy Problems In The Environment :: essays research papers

Public policy is defined by Webster’s as the â€Å"The basic policy or set of policies forming the foundation of public laws, especially such policy not yet formally enunciated.† The United States Government has many policies in the area of the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970 to help identify environmental problems in our nation, and to set policy on how to deal with those problems. Yet, with so much money spent by the government to deal with problems with the environment, it must be noted that problems still exist, even within the bureaucracy that was meant to help in the first place. During the presidential campaign of the last election, an issue arose concerning the â€Å"energy crisis† that was driving gasoline and oil prices up throughout our country. Vice President Al Gore supported President Clinton’s ideology of waiting for the proper legislative initiatives to pass through Congress, and when the situation merited, provide some limited releases of oil from the national oil reserve. Candidate George W. Bush, on the other had, favored drilling in the government protected lands of Alaska to find future oil reserves so that America would no longer be so dependent on foreign oil. The problem with Bush’s plan, according to Gore, was that this could be devastating to the environment of the scarcely populated Alaskan wilderness. Regardless of the political, legal or moral implications of such drilling, there are problems dealing with multiple types of rationality in this issue. In his book â€Å"Reason in Society,† Paul Diesing describes six major types of rationality. These include technical, economic, social, legal, political and ecological rational. It is easy to comprehend that this environmental issue involves each one of these types of rationality. First of all, the technical rationality is demonstrated through the question of whether or not oil can be found in Alaska, and if it could, would there be enough present to really make a dramatic difference for the consumer? It must also be considered as to how this drilling may effect the environment of this area. Technical rationality also questions whether or not there are ways to drill that can possibly leave the natural resources of this area with as little human interference as possible. Engineers and scientists can try to come up with ways to create a process with which the area will not be devastated by the involvement with man in those areas.

Describe and Compare the Two Forms of Cubism

According to the Tate Gallery’s exposition (1979) Cubism has remained the most important and influential movement of the 20th century, notwithstanding the movement’s short duration. According to Read (1994) the major period for Cubism was from 1907 to 1914, with Picasso and Braque as the main originators of the movement. The rationale for the Tate’s statement is given as â€Å"the artists associated with [Cubism] took some of the most decisive steps towards abstraction†, and this extreme development â€Å"has become the archetype of later revolutionary movements† (p. 84). The movement, according to Read, was the first abstract style of the 20th century, and named by the art critic Louis Vauxcelles, who took up a remark by Matisse about â€Å"Braque’s little cubes† (p. 100). One source (artlex. com) cites Vauxcelles as saying: â€Å"M. Braque scorns form and reduces everything, sites, figures and houses, to geometric schemas and cubes. † One of the most innovative developments is that the creators of Cubism sought to replace a single viewpoint and light source, normal within the western art world since the Renaissance, with a much more complete representation of any object, combining many ‘aspects’. Initially colours were temporarily abandoned and shapes were simplified and flattened. Space was furthermore rendered by means of oblique lines and overlapping forms (The Tate Gallery, 1979). According to Belton (2002, p. 109) Picasso and Braque both struggled with the problem of representing three dimensional objects and figures in the two dimensional medium of painting; â€Å"their solution was to create an abstract form that could display two or more sides of an object simultaneously†. Whilst Picasso’s Demoiselles d’Avignon is generally viewed as the first Cubist painting, Read (1994) argues that the painting might be more usefully viewed as ‘pre-Cubist’, or ‘proto-Cubist’, as it was so heavily influenced by Iberian or African art. Cezanne’s later work is often viewed as the catalyst for the development of Cubism, and Read cites Cezanne’s advice to Bernard â€Å"to deal with nature by means of the cylinder, the sphere and the cone† (p. 100). Cezanne, by trusting his eyes and attempting to express natural, binocular vision, allowed for the ‘truth’ of the shifted viewpoint (Moszynska, 1990). Cubism gives the artist a way of depicting the world in a way that goes beyond what can be seen, and attempts to deal with the energies of objects. According to Read (1994) Cubism could be categorized into various divisions, including ‘analytic’, ‘hermetic’ and ‘synthetic’. This essay will mainly concentrate in the analytic and synthetic forms of Cubism. The term ‘hermetic’ refers to the largely or wholly indecipherable way of representing an object in the flatter type of abstraction, as typical of both Braque’s and Picasso’s later way of working. In this phase the allover pattern became more important. Other sources (including artlex. com) refer to ‘analytic’ cubism as ‘facet’ cubism. Analytical and Synthetic Cubism acquired their names through the comments by art historian Einstein, and in effect are retrospective labels. Einstein wrote that the â€Å"simplistic distortions† employed by Picasso, as typified by his portrait of Gertrude Stein, led to â€Å"a period of analysis and fragmentation and finally to a period of synthesis† (as cited in Foster, Krauss, Bois and Buchloh, 2004, p. 106). The analytical phase of Cubism, as developed by Braque and Picasso, was characterised by a number of different features, starting with the contraction of the painters’ palettes, away from the full colour spectrum to rather monochrome selections, which Foster et al. term ‘abstemious’. The second characteristic is the extreme flattening of the visual space, â€Å"as though a roller had pressed all the volume out of the bodies† (ibid. , p. 106). The third characteristic identified by Foster et al. is the visual vocabulary used to describe â€Å"the physical remains of this explosive process† (p. 06). Foster et al. illustrate these features with Picasso’s portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910) and Bracque’s painting The Portuguese (The Emigrant, 1911-12). The grey or tonal scale, the traditional tool of representing volume, is used very differently by the Cubists. Kahnweiler, the art dealer who exhibited both Braque and Picasso’s work, identified the â€Å"bringing about the unity of the pictorial object† as the exclusive concern of Cubism (Foster et al. , 2004, p. 107). Kahnweiler’s view as upheld by Greenberg, who saw Analytical Cubism as the fusion between two types of flatness: the â€Å"depicted flatness†, shoving the fragmented objects closer to the surface, and the â€Å"literal flatness† of that surface (ibid. , p. 109). Foster and his colleagues however question this: they note a number of differences between the evident intentions of Braque and Picasso in relation to the flat plane, with Picasso, being more ‘tactile’, more focused on exploring the possibilities of using Cubism for sculpture, and Braque more concerned with transparency. Steinberg too, urged against the blurring of Picasso and Braque’s pictures. The two exponents of Cubism saw themselves as being ‘roped together’ like mountaineers in their exploration of this new way of working, with the ebullient Spaniard referring to Braque as his ‘wife’. However, Braque was loyal to ‘passage’, the practice of visual slippage between adjacent elements, whereas Picasso, according to Foster et al. , had an â€Å"overwhelming concern with a vestigial kind of depth† (ibid, p. 109). Picasso seemed more focused on making depth tactile, as Foster et al. demonstrate with showing Picasso’s central plunging depth in Houses on the hill: Horta de Ebro (1909). They go on to argue that Braque is more concerned with the ‘diaphanous’ quality of Cubism, with the loss of traditional notions of figure and ground The Tate Gallery (1979, p. 85) presents Braque’s Clarinet and a Bottle of Rum on a Mantelpiece (1911) as a crucial point in Cubism, â€Å"when the breaking down of objects had been carried to a point very close to complete abstraction†. After this point Braque and Picasso started to introduce areas of wood-graining, the use of collage, and a re-introduction of colour, thereby representing objects in a more recognisable, but also more symbolic way. According to Gersh-Nesic (n. d. ) Synthetic Cubism integrates â€Å"high† and â€Å"low† art (art made by an artist combined with art made for commercial purposes, such as packaging), and according to some can be considered the first Pop Art. Even before 1912 Braque and Picasso had introduced stenciled lettering into their paintings. These stencils were not fine art, they were used for packaging and pub signs. The stencils draw attention to the surface of the canvas, since the uniform letters appear independent of what's painted underneath them. Two technical innovations exemplify new development in Cubism: papier colle and collage. Papier colle involves sticking coloured paper onto the canvas and was invented by Braque. Collage was developed by Picasso, and involved sticking all sorts of materials, such as leather, newspaper, material and rope, onto the surface. Sticking different materials, such as woodgrain, onto the surface of the painting playfully confused what was real and what was an illusion (Tate, n. d. ). New, provocative questions are raised with the use of collage, namely: what is more realistic, to perfectly simulate the look of a newspaper in oil paint, or to stick actual newspaper onto the canvas? (Tate, n. d. ). Wadley (1970, p. 13) holds that â€Å"technically and conceptually† Synthetic Cubism was â€Å"a denial of the European tradition†, in that the surface was now the furthest point from the spectator, not the nearest. Artists working in a synthetic way started with the terms of painting, and from them composed an image which they could justly claim was more real, â€Å"since it in no sense distorted or imitated something else† (ibid. p. 14). Gris, who was the clearest formulator of cubist theory, stated: I work with the elements of the intellect, with the imagination. I try to make concrete that which is abstract. I proceed from the general to the particular, by which I mean that I start with an abstraction in order to arrive at a true fact. Mine is an art of synthesis, of deduction. (ibid. , p. 129) Gris was called a ‘demon of logic’ by Apollinaire. Indeed, his way of working and thinking was different from his Cubist colleagues. According to Wadley the integration in Gris’ work is tighter than in comparable Picassos or Braques. Gris used collage only in his paintings, and its effect is always to strengthen the rigid division of the surface. [ ]There is no hint of Picasso’s ragged edges and random encounters, nor of Braque’s simple elements floating in a spacious arena. The total effect is of tight concentration. (Wadley, 1970, p. 82) Gris’ meticulous style is evident in how he has painstakingly arranged the letters in ‘Le Matin’ in Man in the Cafe, to correspond with the diagonal columns and echo the horizontal line elow (ibid). Foster et al. (2004) make a ‘semiotic’ reading of Picasso’s use of material in his Violin (1912): the ‘twin’ pieces of newsprint paper represent on the one hand the frontal, opaque (wood of the violin), as well as the transparent, amorphous ‘ground’ (background colour). They go on to claim that a similar visual play of meaning is evident in Picasso’s Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass and Newspaper (1913), where a piece of wallpaper is used to represent the liquid in the glass, the rim of the glass, and the ground of the table-cloth. The cut out piece used for the liquid (looking like a chef’s top hat) represents transparency, whilst the ‘negative shape’ left by the incision represents the solid stem of the glass. The viewer might be left with the question whether the ever playful Picasso was just enjoying a visual pun, or whether he intended any of this to be read as ‘signs’. The artist himself stated: â€Å"Mathematics, trigonometry, chemistry, psycho-analysis, music and whatnot, have been related to cubism to give it an easier interpretation. All this has been pure literature, not to say nonsense, which brought bad results, blinding people with theories. (Wadley, 1970, p. 128) During its lifetime both Analytical and Synthetic Cubism encompassed and influenced many artists – the most notable of these being Leger, the three Duchamp/Villon brothers, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Gleizes and Metzinger (who published a book on Cubism). For some of these artists Cubism functioned as a transition, although Picasso would hold that â€Å"Cubism is neither a seed, nor a foetus, but an art dealing primarily with forms, and when a form is realized it is there to live its own life† (Wadley, p. 28). It led artists like Piet Mondrian to what he saw as its logical end, complete abstraction. Cubism may have been short-lived as a movement, but it continues to influence contemporary art to this day. Collage, for instance, has become a widely practiced form of art. And in terms of form, the practice of reducing everything to the ‘cylinder, the sphere and the cone’ was brought to mind on viewing some of Manolo Valdes’ work, in an exhibition in The Hague this summer.

Plato s View On Advantage And Justice - 1212 Words

Plato in book 1 is not himself, he is potrayed by another character since plato is the author of book 1. The word Advantage throughout book 1 to demonstrate how justice can be an advantage for some and a disadvantage for others. According to Plato this is what Justice symbolizes, therefore this statement mentioned above is fully justified. To further support this claim, this paper will focus on the following supporting evidence. Firstly, how Plato’s character uses the word advantage to solidify his opinions on what justice should be and secondly, how Plato’s character view on advantage and justice differs from Socrates opinion. As stated before, Plato’s character emphasizes the word advantage to solidify his opinions on what justice†¦show more content†¦The people with this superior power only focus on what will benefit them, individuals in this society are led to believe that the ones who have gained this sort of power care about the weak when in fact, it’s the complete opposite .The weak are seen as cattle ,only meant to feed the strong. . The ones that rule will always find a way to make themselves look better by using anything and everything to their advantage. Plato’s character elaborates that concept in this quote , â€Å"And each ruling group sets down laws for its own advantage(†¦) in every city the same thing is just , the advantage of the established ruling body. It surely is master; so the man who reason rightly concludes that everywhere justice is the same thing, the advantage of the stronger†(339a). As stated before, this quote explains ho w the few that rule make laws that only help them gain over people who are not able to obtain the same power. Limiting their influences, needs and wants in that society . According to Plato’s character , this is fully justified since the rule makers have worked their way to be where they are in society making their decision just. Previously mentioned in the paragraph above, Plato’s character and Socartes views on justice and advantage differ .To demonstrate this statement throughout the pages (18-34) there is numerous evidence for such a claim. Socrates stated that, â€Å"I said a moment ago that no one willingly chooses to rule and get mixedShow MoreRelatedJustice Is An Important Part Of Our Social And Justice System967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most important concept studied in class was justice. This is an important concept for me because it is something that we see everyday within our political and justice system. Justice is an important part of our politcal system because we choose people from this system to prevail over wrong and bring those who are found wrong, to punishment. Justice is something that brings us order, and that brings closure to those who have been taken advantage of. In this paper, I argue that Martin Luther KingRead MoreThomas Hobbes And Plato s The Leviathan And The Republi c1496 Words   |  6 Pagesespecially true for the term â€Å"justice†. The philosophers Hobbes and Plato both exhibit their own beliefs towards its interpretation through their respective stories, the Leviathan and the Republic. Instead of simply stating his view, Plato takes it to another level. He brings up a multitude of possibilities for the meaning of justice, arguing with himself and shooting down his own theories. The purpose of his Republic is to find the best and most logical definition of justice through discussion. HobbesRead MoreSocrates Argument Of The Just And Unjust. Plato s Republic Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesABSTRACT. This paper seeks to reject Socrates arguments against Thrasymachus account of the just and unjust in Plato s Republic, and, in doing so, show that Thrasymachus account is in fact a coherent and plausible account of justice. I begin by describing the context of Socrates and Thrasymachus argument and what it would take for Socrates t o overcome the Thrasymachian account. I then describe the Thrasymachian account and argue for its coherence. I attack the Socratic method of deconstructingRead MoreThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesare involved in the concept of justice. Since the years passed previously formed aspect of justice moved from the sphere of law and got more broaden meaning, certain definition of which was and still remains a topic of debate for theologians, philosophers and legislators. Nowadays the word justice, being on everyone s lips, is used so often that it may signify nearly anything. Though one of the main meanings given by modern people is the interchangeability of justice with the word â€Å"fairness†. IndeedRead MoreTime Of Tutorial : Over Reliance On Fictions Made Socrates1559 Words   |  7 Pagescame up with many ideas that up to date are considered important in our human nature and reality. A special case is his idea and understanding of justice. Unlike many thinkers of his time, Socrates claimed that justice is making sure that people get all and only what they deserve. According to him, Justice is the act of minding one’s own business (Plato, 433b). He argued that all human actions are driven by self-interest which is the main cause of injustice in the society. In order to distinguishRead MoreJustice Is The Interest Of The Stronger1453 Words   |  6 PagesI am of the opinion that justice is indeed in the interest of the stronger; the stronger being the will of the people. Justice is in the interest of the stronger. This view, first articulated by the Ancient Greek Sophist Thrasymachus, is the subject of much debate in one of Plato’s works The Republic, found in a fictional dialogue between Thrasymachus and Socrates. In order to understand the nature of this statement it is essential to analyse the nature of justice, what is meant by â€Å"the stronger†Read MoreJustice Is One Of Four Cardinal Platonic Virtues Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesJustice is one of four cardinal Platonic virtues. These virtues are said to be good by nature, and so they must be ideals that all individuals strive to demonstrate in their lives. In The Republic, Plato (through Socrates) attempts to find the definition of Justice through dialogue with his colleagues. One of his colleagues Thrasymachus proclaims that: â€Å"Justice is in the interest of the stronger.† (338c) In other words, rulers make laws from which only they reap the benefits of. Fortunatel y, thisRead MorePlato s View On Justice1261 Words   |  6 PagesWell-structured societies are built on a foundation of justice that brings unity, development, equality and respect between people. Throughout The Republic, Plato defines justice and its significance to the state and its individuals. In Book I, Thrasymachus and Socrates both provide their views on the definition of justice. The discussion takes place in Cephalus’s residence with his son Polymarchus. Through Plato’s dialogue, the definitions on justice by both Thrasymachus and Socrates will be discussedRead MoreSummary Of People Speak By Howard Zinn1187 Words   |  5 Pagesof the oppressor.† Desmond Tutu. In class the idea of justice was the overarching idea. We looked at different types of justice and how the idea of justice has evolved overtime. Justice and law are two separate entities because the law is not always applied equally. We looked at how justice was perceived in Plato’s time and how he himself saw justice. I look towards the platform of Jill Stein the Green Party and their pursuit for justice. Justice overtime has not been applied quality and an idea thatRead MoreEssay about Justice in Platos Republic and Hobbes Leviathan2782 Words   |  12 Pagesand Hobbes Leviathan is justice. For Plato, the goal of his Republic is to discover what justice is and to demonstrate that it is better than injustice. Plato does this by explaining justice in two different ways: through a city or polis and through an individual human beings soul. He uses justice in a city to reveal justice in an individual. For Hobbes, the term justice is used to explain the relationship between morality and self-interest. Hobbes explains justice in relation to obligations

Roberta Phillip Robbins, A Youth And A Gang Violence...

Roberta Phillip-Robbins, a youth and a gang violence prevention specialist for Multnomah County declared she was running for Rep. Lew Frederick’s seat in the Oregon House representing North and Northeast Portland. Her top issues include making sure that the voices of Oregon’s underrepresented communities are better heard(Slovic, 2015). She says she wants to work hard to elevate those voices. The candidate should be responsible for representing the people. She says she has the heart for public service which she refers to the rent that one pays for the room on this earth. She was committed to running, winning and serving the residents of House District 43. By signing this document, I hereby state that I will qualify for said office if elected (Slovic, 2016). Tawna Sanchez is the director of family services at the Native American youth and family center and has served as a commissioner in a body that advises the department of human services. â€Å" I do support increasing taxes on corporations. I do not support IP 28 and have deep concerns that IP 28 will increase costs for those who can least afford it,† (Tawna Sanchez for Oregon HD-43 Facebook, n.d.). Her platform includes addressing human inequality, creating long-term affordable housing and limiting campaign contributions. Her main task will be to deal with the issue of corporate taxes and income inequality, and create long-term affordable housing by creating a responsible department. Both of the candidates have personal

Jessica Johnson v. Wilkinson Manufacturing Case Study

Essays on Jessica Johnson v. Wilkinson Manufacturing Case Study The paper "Jessica Johnson v. Wilkinson Manufacturing" is a perfect example of a case study on the law. Labor law is a section of the laws that guides the relationship between employees and their employer, setting all the rules and regulation that controls this relationship (Albert, 2009). In the of case Jessica Johnson v. Wilkinson Manufacturing, there is an element of a conflict arising between the employee and the employer, based on a lack of equal pay for Jessica with the rest 0of the male employees who work at the same level with her. In such a case, she is aggrieved and has a cause to seek legal redress for the injustice perpetrated against her. Various acts have been enacted to operate in such a case, where the employer discriminates against their employees. In this case, the discrimination mooted against Jessica is unequal pay discrimination, which is based on her sex. Thus, the act available to address this injustice is the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (Walker Morell, 2005). Accor ding to this act, any discrimination against individuals in pay, based on their sex is prohibited. Therefore, the act provides that individuals who work under the same establishment and in similar working conditions should be compensated equally for their services. If individuals are performing similar work, which is rated equally under the organizations' job evaluation, and which is of similar value, then, they should be paid equally (Deakin Morris, 2005).However, for any act of discrimination to qualify as an act of discrimination against an employees’ pay, based on their sex, then the following conditions must be met. The job in question must require similar skills, efforts, and responsibility (Walker Morell, 2005). The body that governs and enforces such laws is the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Albert, 2009). Since Wilkinson Manufacturing has discriminated against Jessica based on her sex and awarded her a less pay by 30% as compared to her male counter parts, then Jessica should raise her to complain to this body.There are however various defenses that are open for Wilkinson manufacturing to apply, in defending its action of paying her less salary than the male managers. If the employer presents sufficient evidence to the effect that such pay is provided based on the quality or the quantity of productivity of the employees, then Jessica might fail to have a good basis of accusing her employer (Walker Morell, 2005). Another defense available for Wilkinson Manufacturing is to show that the differential in the pay offered is based on a merit or seniority system, where some employees may have some workers with higher levels of experience than their counterparts in the same job level, based on the number of years they may have worked with the organization (Deakin Morris, 2005). Based on this case, Jessica is set to win the case against her employer and obtain equal compensation for her services as the other managers at the same level . Considering that, she has worked for the organization for many years to the point of rising to the managerial level, then, she must have sufficient knowledge, skills, and experiences, as well as productivity that saw her promoted to this level.

Applying for a UK Graduate scheme †what you need to know Free Essays

Finding a good graduate job can be hard at the best of times – with so many people graduating from university, competition for places is greater than ever before. But if you’re an international student, then this can be an even greater challenge. But this doesn’t have to be an impossible task – today we look at how you can give yourself an edge over others, and to give yourself the best chance of securing a place on a UK graduate scheme. We will write a custom essay sample on Applying for a UK Graduate scheme – what you need to know or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why apply for a Graduate Scheme in the UK? There are a lot of reasons that applying for a graduate scheme is a good idea; mainly because Graduate schemes allow you to quickly immerse yourself into a professional work environment, receive relevant skills development and get hands on experience, either working in a specific role within an established team, or through working on a number of assignments in different areas of the organisation over the duration of the programme. How to get on a Graduate Scheme? Potential recruiters will be looking for a range of skills and qualities in potential candidates. If you’re bright, eager to learn and have a strong work ethic then make sure this shows in your CV. Demonstrate how you love solving problems and can impress clients. It’s important that you have a sound academic record, but there’s more to you than just great grades – show that you’re professional. Gain valuable work experience outside of your course, whether that’s by doing an Internship or part-time work. This experience and qualities will make you stand out amongst the other candidates for the Graduate Scheme. Prepare For Grad Scheme success, make sure you’re clued-up on the applications and interview methods used by your potential employers. Many large graduate employers use online application systems to sort prospective candidates for their schemes and training opportunities. If your application is successful you may then be invited to an assessment centre or interview. Be prepared for psychometric tests – they can crop up in online applications and at interviews and assessments. Know when to apply The majority of training schemes have application deadlines between November and December for programmes starting the following year. You need to do your employer research and be ready to apply early during the first term of your final year. While these recruiters don’t give a hard and fast deadline, they may make offers from the start of the application period and they may close their scheme once they have filled all their vacancies. Some employers do give a specific closing date, but also state that they will close their recruiting process as soon as they have filled their spaces. The golden rule of graduate schemes: apply early, even if the employer has an ‘open’ or ‘ongoing’ recruitment process. An increasing number of employers have ‘ongoing’ or ‘open’ recruitment processes meaning that, in principle, they take applications year round. Despite this seeming flexibility, you are still advised to apply early. Use our site to ensure you have the best chance of success! The best thing you can do to give yourself a chance of getting on a prospective graduate scheme is to ensure that you have outstanding grades, results and a CV that screams ‘hire me’. If you need help ensuring you get the highest possible marks in your essays and exams, use our site Essay Writing Services to take your work to the next level. How to cite Applying for a UK Graduate scheme – what you need to know, Essay examples

Literature Search for Nursing Education Scholarship- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Search for Nursing Education Scholarship. Answer: Introduction A search of the literary articles was undertaken in order to get a detailed insight about the previous studies conducted over the under-graduate nursing students in managing their study, work and life. The relevant literature was obtained from the university databases (Flinders University) via the use of relevant keywords. A total of 5 articles were spotted centring qualitative research. The year bracket selected for the research is 10 years. Literature Review The study conducted by Reeve et al. (2013) highlighted that the under-graduate nursing students experience high levels of stress and this cause a disruption in equilibrium in their life, work and study. The mixed method study of Reeve et al. (2013) over under-graduate nursing students of a private university revealed that coping mechanisms like proper utilization of social support coming from friends and teachers is helpful in managing stress and thereby promoting individual well-being. In the same context, Shaban et al. (2012) conducted a descriptive cross-sectional analysis. According to Shaban et al. (2012), under-graduate nursing students experience high level of stress especially during theory clinical training period and this cause emotional and psychological impairment during their professional life. The coping strategies identified by Shaban et al. (2012) are slightly different from Reeve et al. (2013). Shaban et al. (2012) is of the opinion that problem-solving behaviour of the students with an optimistic attitude and transference attention from stressful situations is most effective to cope with the training period stress. Chernomas and Shapiro (2013) also followed the same methodology as Shaban et al. (2012) cross-sectional descriptive study in the domain of stress management among under-graduate nursing students. The results of Chernomas and Shapiro (2013) is however, slightly different from Shaban et al. (2012). Chernomas and Shapiro (2013) is of the opinion that redesigning of the course curriculum along with enhancing accessibility to mental health and support services for the under-graduate nursing students will help them to manage their work, study and life effectively. The mental health support services are explained in a different way by Sarath Rathnayake (2016). Sarath Rathnayake (2016) conducted a cross-sectional study among 92 under-graduate nursing students and identified that there is a positive co-relation among the physical and mental health and which gets affected via the negative emotional stress. The disequilibrium in the mental and physical health creates problems among the under-graduate nursing students to balance their life, study and work. Sarath Rathnayake (2016) recommended the use of counselling and other stress management interventions in order to overcome the situation. Mahmoud et al. (2012) employed a qualitative approach, multiple regression analysis to detect the level of stress and anxiety among the 508 full time under-graduate nursing students. Their analysis revealed that undergraduate nursing students suffer from depression, anxiety and stress. Mahmoud et al. (2012) reported that maladaptive coping as the main predictor of depression, stress and anxiety and significant reduction in the maladaptive coping behaviours is found to cast positive impact on decreasing depression, stress and anxiety. Summary In summary, it can be highlighted that in the qualitative literatures that has been reviewed, equivocally highlighted that the undergraduate nursing students suffer from significant amount of stress, depression and anxiety that disrupts the equilibrium of their professional and personal life. The main interventions strategies emphasized by the authors include social support, counselling, positive approach and self-coping strategies. References Chernomas, W. M., Shapiro, C. (2013). Stress, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students.International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship,10(1), 255-266. Mahmoud, J. S. R., Staten, R. T., Hall, L. A., Lennie, T. A. (2012). The relationship among young adult college students depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles.Issues in mental health nursing,33(3), 149-156. Reeve, K. L., Shumaker, C. J., Yearwood, E. L., Crowell, N. A., Riley, J. B. (2013). Perceived stress and social support in undergraduate nursing students' educational experiences.Nurse Education Today,33(4), 419-424. Sarath Rathnayake, R. N. (2016). Depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate nursing students in a public university in Sri Lanka.International Journal of Caring Sciences,9(3), 1020. Shaban, I. A., Khater, W. A., Akhu-Zaheya, L. M. (2012). Undergraduate nursing students stress sources and coping behaviours during their initial period of clinical training: A Jordanian perspective.Nurse education in practice,12(4), 204-209.